The Safety Regulations Of The Automobile Industry

Now days the automobile industry has to bind to a large list of government regulations. While some may just be focusing on the driver comfort and avoiding unnecessary distraction, the government has safety regulations which have to be strictly imposed on every vehicle. Within these safety regulations, there is The Clean Air Act; an act to improve, strengthens, and accelerates programs for the prevention and abatement of air pollution. But we always had criminals breaking the rules of society. VW (Volkswagen) committed fraud by having their software engineers programing the on-board engine management module (ECM) in order to obtain higher profits. Of course they did not care about the consequences neither the harm they will be doing to†¦show more content†¦It is just not in the best interest of any professional/engineer, nobody want to go to jail. It is clear that there was some sort of pressure imposed by top executive of this company on these workers. The company saw an opportunity since there is only a few diesel cars on the road. By introducing diesel powered cars that offer better mpg than gasoline powered vehicles, they knew, they were going to dominate the diesel market. It was irresponsible to use the ECM, which was designed in part to monitor the emissions system efficiency, to overlook this intended fault and provide an abstract feedback at the smog testing facilities. Aristotle made clear that all humans seek to flourish. Well, Volkswagen, as a corporation, was trying to flourish once more but not by good means. Also Aristotle pronounced that â€Å"man is a rational creature who lives in poleis† and what make society are rules, rational rules. Is these are violated, there is going to be a possibility of encountering a highly corrupted society. Aristotle thinks we should be upset if people do well undeservedly. This engineers fooled government authorities and the public for more than five years. And this case is an indignant outcome of how low big corporation can behave. The Aristotelian ethics seeks Eudaimonia or what is call happiness. This is the goal of every human

The Millers Tale Differentiation of Sex Essay examples

The Millers Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer is a mirror of medieval society particularly in the way it depicts the relationships between men and women as well as giving a realistic portrait of working class people during the middle ages. Alison, the main character illustrates how a woman was able to use her sex through her actions of deceit to many characters. Popular belief holds that courtly love was prevalent during the medieval period; however The Millers Tale provides a more realistic look into sexual relationships through its use of infidelity and sexual humor. Chaucers characters are typical middle class workers rather than elite nobility. In addition, many of the characters seem heartless and corrupt. Alisons character is far away†¦show more content†¦When Nicolas, the young devious student began living with the two, it was only a matter of time before infidelity occurred. The double entendre is used to create a meaning of innocence at the same time as promiscuity. Chaucer goes into tremendous detail in regard to Alison her beauty and sexuality. A girdle wore she, barred and striped, of silk. An apron, too, as white as morning milk About her loins, and full of many a gore; (Lines 127-129). The reader is imagining this beautiful bodied woman until he clues them in. Fair was this youthful wife, and therewithal, as weasels was her body slim and small. (Lines 125-126). It becomes very clear to the reader that not only is Alison very slim but slim as a weasel. A weasel is considered sneaky and devious. Chaucer lets the reader know that Alison is not to be viewed ethical. In the relationships of older men and younger women, there was a definite sense of insecurity accompanied by suspicion. John, Alisons husband believes her to be fragile and seldom allows her out alone in fear that other men will go after her. When she does go into town, she shows off her petite frame, wearing a girdle to make her waist appear smaller, she wears low cut shirts to show off her collarbone and keeps her forehead very shiny, plucking her eyebrows to high arches. She takes great pride in her looks and wears only the best silk fashions. She has boots that lace up to her thighs; all which are considered to be attractive to men.Show MoreRelatedAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pageswas like finding out that your brother was an ax murderer. Miller also claimed that he is not a bad person, that he never intended to hurt anyone, but once he got started he just could not stop. Rationalization. The case does not specify what Millers rationalizations were. He may, in fact, have had a number of different rationalizations. The case suggests that he needed it to pay back the money he stole from previous employers. He was always just borrowing the money and intended to pay

Port Phillip Bay - Click Now to Get Sample Solution

Question: Write an essay on "Port Phillip Bay". Answer: Abstract The catchment depleting into Port Phillip Bay is possessed by using rural areas of the extra outstanding Melbourne metropolis range with a populace of around 3.7 million. What's more the Corangamite catchment moreover depletes to Port Phillip, containing the neighborhood metropolis of Geelong (population 200, 000). The ten districts that adjoin Port Phillip Bay are predominately metropolitan and for the most section are the specific board of trustees of administration with duties related to shoreline and foreshore administration of the Port Phillip Bay coastline. All are participants from the organization of Bayside Municipalities. A huge component of these committees has amplified their arranging plan limit 600 meters toward the ocean to enhance incorporation of catchment and marine administration. Administration of Port Phillip Bay is tricky and entails a mounted system of government, confidential section and group workplaces working cooperatively without basis of a specified Inlet or water nice administration place of work. It is a case of an administration framework that has developed in terms of a state executive/regional executive framework and has a high-quality historical past of tending to specified water administration issues for the Bay all in all. The co-appointment of activities, guideline and support is given via the association of Bay side regions, which was framed in 1974 to improve the adequacy of regional government administration of Port Phillip Bay. Firstly it gave a gathering to neighborhood govt. engineers and administration suppliers, especially picking out with shoreline cleaning. An most important persuading aspect used to be the sum of urban litter and flotsam and jetsam coming to beaches and influencing visible and recreational enhancement and over time the comprehension of the development of litter by way of channels and conduits has knowledgeable their process. A noteworthy ecological investigation of the Bay was led by using CSIRO from 1992 - 96 and has guided consequent administration waiting for general water great. The huge marine contamination issues are silt masses in storm water and the supplement stages from storm water and therapy crops getting into the Bay. These have got to be overseen to cut down the threat of aggravation algal and ocean progress blossoms. The ABM led a venture smooth Storm water a Planning Framework with money associated backing from the Commonwealth and Victorian Governments. It incorporated the group and the private phase. The final report of this anticipates established a process for water touchy city configuration and administration of storm water for Port Phillip Bay. This brought on the Clearwater program, a joint activity of the Municipal Relationship of Victoria and the Storm water enterprise organization of Victoria, to take the teachings of supportable urban water administration to extraordinary materials of Victoria. Introduction Port Phillip Bay is a gigantic encased water mass with a floor range of practically 2,000 square kilometers and an aggregate volume of 26 cubic kilometers accepting the hold running off from a noteworthy urbanized catchment of very nearly 10,000 square kilometers. The conveyance of dietary supplements and silt to the Bay is firmly littered with precipitation. The Bay is related to Bass Strait by a restrained channel additionally, the encased shallow water mass is ineffectively flushed but very so much blended. The typical conversion scale for Inlet waters is previously at average intervals however more successive in the southern phase nearest to Bass Strait and less incessant in the north and in Corio Bay. From the 1850s to the reward the number of inhabitants in the catchment has developed from 75,000 to 3.7 million. Figure: Port Philip bay Water healing has been a large challenge within the development and administration of the city of Melbourne for greater than a century. By the top of the nineteenth century, the waste and sewage infection of the Yarra River had been bringing about exact wellness issues. This drove the Melbourne Metropolitan Board of Works to set out on a noteworthy sewerage software in 1893 with the principal Melbourne properties being related in 1897 to a waste therapy plant at Werribee close to 30 kilometers to the south west of Melbourne. Figure: Port Philip bay eco system Ten Bayside districts have rapid neighborhood executive responsibilities involving shoreline and foreshore administration. In 1974 the association of Bayside Municipalities was once shaped to improve the viability of neighborhood government administration of shorelines and seaside waters of Port Phillip Bay and to supply a communitarian gathering to backing in addition, pastime. As the town of Melbourne and its auto approach have developed, land use has always transformed from territories of almost agrarian use, by way of to seashore entrance recreational and nation private, to mainly urban confidential use. The traditional surroundings and the recreational enhancement of the shoreline and foreshore territories are important to the character and administration of the Bay. Port Phillip Bay spreads 1,950 square kilometers. At the same time mainly expansive in territory the Bay is shallow with a normal profundity of 13 meters. The Bay's catchment covers greater than 9,790 square kilometers in territory, and includes of 21 usual waste bowls. The Bay comprises of an assortment of environments together with sandy ocean bottom, sea grass quaint little inns reefs. The bigger a part of the ocean bottom is sand and residue which is dwelling to a differing gathering of spineless creatures. These unattainable areas of sand are in some ingredients secured by way of thick sea grass knolls that give imperative dwelling area to much marine lifestyles, especially adolescent fish. Tough reefs can likewise be determined on a few edges of the Bay in most cases being commanded by means of many amazing ocean progress. EPA has been checking water first-rate in Port Phillip Bay at six destinations for greater than 30 years. This checking process used to be accelerated for the term of the Channel Deepening assignment and for a long time taking after its finishing from 2008 to 2011. To lower the ecological influences to Port Phillip Bay from the Channel Deepening assignment, an association of principles have been produced to manipulate when, the place and how digging will have to be possible. Supporting these guidelines were thirteen inlet vast checking packages that gathered information on the sound's wellness someplace round 2008 and 2011. Amongst these, EPA has led its elevated water high-quality checking application and measured contaminant fixations in fish of the scale back Yarra River. Figure: Port Philip bay The Bay backings: roughly 300 varieties of fish a couple of hundred varieties of molluscs a couple of hundred types of shellfish at least 200 forms of kelp a number of hundred types of polychaetes (abound worms) 2 varieties of seagrass a number of hundred types of cnidarians (jellyfish, corals, and so forth) a few hundred forms of wipes The Bay is of noteworthy social, monetary and natural valued at to Victoria. Tiers of the Bays lovely and more than a few submerged environments are likewise ensured in Marine country wide Parks and Sanctuaries. Probably the most severe risks to the force of Port Phillip Bay are from convergences of supplements and marine vermin intrusions. The Port Phillip Bay Environmental management Plan diagrams moves to be made to maintain these risks. Port Philip bay environment plan The EMP assumes a relevant section in giving an administration process to focusing on a 1000 ton scale down in every year nitrogen burdens to the Bay by using 2006. This diminishment is required via the State atmosphere defense coverage for Port Phillip Bay. The core of nitrogen diminishment is on the Western treatment Plant and catchment conduits. The EMP likewise sets up courses of motion to display the soundness of methods working in the Bay's dregs that let nitrogen, the primary complement of predicament that enters the Bay to upward thrust off as nitrogen fuel. The 1992-1996 CSIRO Bay gain knowledge of highlighted the importance of this supplement cycling method and the primary phase it plays in adjusting the nitrogen spending plan of the Bay. A checking venture is in advancement that plans to differentiate, as forward of time table as could be prudent, and opposed alterations to common components of the Bay's nitrogen biking varieties. Environmental issues and polices One other, chance assemble approach to take care of environment limits in mild of turbidity in order to make certain sea grasses within the southern locales of the Bay was produced by Environ metrics Australia. Six-hourly Exponentially Weighted moving average (EWMA) manipulate outlines and 2-week moving usual manage graphs had been likewise created by using Environ metrics Australia. These figuring apparatuses supply, separately, an early cautioning capacity and an analysis of the chance that base mild specifications for sea grasses will probably be kept up. In 2007, the administrative center of the Environmental monitor, an autonomous government physique, was once mounted to examine the common strategies of the task, in particular to ensure that the venture adjusts to the EMP. The pursuits of the free physique have been to "Be open to all partners and the community; Scrutinize, file and immediate on the project's ecological execution in an autonomous and straightforward method; keep up a correspondence all accessible knowledge on the undertaking's normal execution in a effortless approach to companions and the staff. The utilization of a robust gazing instrument in giving certain and easy data used to be a important perspective to the venture. SRA knowledge science gave its EnviroSys programming as the instrument whereby turbidity is checking and vessel following would happen gradually. Early cautioning alarms would be created by using the looking at equipment to coach when predefined exceedance stages had been activated. In February 2005, the free board discharged their file on the EES, introducing 137 key materials of the EES which required expanding on. These integrated extra examination of channel extending plans; examination of digging innovation; examination of first-rate systems for silt switch, and examination of turbidity. The board's proposals caused the Trial Dredge application that took place from 6 August 2005. Therefore, on 31 March 2005, the then Minister for Planning Rob Hulls declared that the PoMC can be required to do a Supplementary Environmental results statement to assist study the ecological influence of the digging venture and handle its deficiencies. Constructions stated the SEES would "develop upon the EES approach thus far" and would be "based upon the key tiers plot through the board and bear in mind extra master evaluation". Environmental control Defiled dug material from the Port Melbourne, Williamstown and Yarra River directs used to be discarded in the current Port of Melbourne Dredge fabric floor, which covers a zone of round 9.36 km2. The web page was once relied upon to be reached out towards the south by using a range of 2.7 km2 to oblige the dug material volumes as an aftereffect of the digging venture and to swimsuit dug material volumes from future maintenance digging. Uncontaminated dug material from the South Channel and the excellent Ship Channel was once to be discarded in a dug material ground yet to be implicit the south east a part of the straight, anticipated that will duvet a area of 7.78 km2. Those substances that are sullied were to be put away in a submerged mud legislation region known as a "bund" at the present Port of Melbourne DMG, and topped with clean dug sand. Pollution issues From correct on time ever, administration of water first-rate influencing Port Phillip Inlet has been tended to with first-class latest procedures. Current administration destinations were created in the light of a noteworthy natural investigation of the Bay led through CSIRO from 1992 to 1996 also, lengthy haul patterns distinctive through the atmosphere protection Authority Victoria from progressing checking know-how for 1984 to 1999. A principal component in raising open mindfulness was once a labeled litter learns directed by way of Melbourne Water enterprise. The distribution of the file of this learn in 1993 pulled in giant media curiosity what's extra, pushed particularly to behavioral trade programs tending to pet dung, cigarette butts and litter from bistros and remove sustenances. Supplement releases have diversified in a broad variety to a satisfactory extent suffering from precipitation and overflow. The CSIRO be trained contrasted late long haul staring at and prior checking out information and proposed that complement stages had been sensibly constant subsequent to 1984 and are usually not precisely those within the 1970s before essential redesigning of sewage remedy. Storm water thousands of litter, trash and sediments are the issues of important center for neighborhood executive. The impacts of city storm water contamination are skilled most particularly via the organizations of the chambers that outskirt Port Phillip Bay. That is most apparent when dirtied spillover after summer storms motives shoreline terminations or significant store of litter on beaches. Water sparing and reuse has an element in lessening streams of supplements and residue attaining the marine environment youngsters that this isn't the riding suggestion. Dredging the port Philip bay It has been portrayed as Australia's most astounding need groundwork enterprise, pressing for our future reasonability. The digging of Port Phillip Bay will provide tremendous-sized compartment ships entry to Melbourne's port, however it will be a big venture; greater than equivalent to burrowing a 15-meter huge with the aid of 2-meter profound trench amongst Melbourne and Sydney. Supporters of channel extending, incorporating numerous in Victoria's government and industry group, say the assessed $969 million assignment will support fares and exchange and hold the state's economic system sound into what's to come back. Be that as it'll, will the financial benefits be conveyed with inadmissible common costs? Spoilers say powers are neglecting to answer principal inquiries related to the effect of digging on soft marine biological methods. Will hazardous dregs combined up on the Yarra River mouth become the sound into a cloudy soup and reason a watery calamity? As of now the enterprise, set to begin February 2008, is defaced by using contention with an self sustaining board damningly incredulous of the governments first ecological appraisal, while a 2nd pastime additionally went beneath investigation. Associate with us as we examine the trouble from the mouth of the Yarra to the Port Phillip heads. Port Philip bay system and potential CDP hazards The Bay is a shallow beach front embayment, with a limited passageway subject to solid tidal impacts and a lower-vitality inward region that is more influenced by wind-driven streams. The surge tide delta inside the Bay is known as the Great Sands, and is made out of a halfway combined substratum of sands and a meager finish of portable sands. While there are sandy shorelines around a significant part of the edge of the Bay, base dregs in the internal Bay are generally salty tending to clayey in the inside. There is a contribution of sand from Bass Strait, and also from beach front disintegration around the Bay. A great part of the contribution of sediment is gotten from the Yarra River catchment and other inflowing streams; some of this information is synthetically polluted. The "opening" or cross-segment of the Bay Entrance decides the rate of tidal inflow what's more, surge, and consequently the degree of tidal impact on ocean levels and streams, as well as physico-substance trade between the Bay and Bass Strait. An expansion in this gap because of digging, or disintegration, will specifically influence the tidal environment of the Bay and related streams and dregs development. Changes in the bathymetry of inward parts of the Bay because of CDP digging or ruin transfer will influence neighborhood current examples and force, and henceforth may influence dregs development and shoreline profiles to some degree. A key part of the Bay's biology is the breakdown of plant and creature garbage on the surface of and inside the ocean bottom residue. This is vital to keep up a parity between the contribution of supplements from waterway and waste inflows, and the loss of supplements from the framework, by either altering in inorganic structures in the silt or discharge to the air. Supplements are taken up in biomass, at first as tiny fish, microphytobenthos and green growth, and an overabundance of supplements can prompt persevering algal blossoms unless a proficient expulsion procedure can keep on operating through the biota-rubbish residue water-environment interfaces. The CDP could conceivably prompt either a makeshift abundance of supplements through their discharge from dug residue or a lessening in the "denitrification" effectiveness of base residue. A scope of human exercises inside the Bay and bordering catchments over the past one hundred and seventy years have influenced conditions inside the Bay, such that living spaces can generally be portrayed as semi-natural. In spite of the broad info of suspended dregs, supplements and contaminants from waterways, streams and depletes, the Bay waters, dregs and biota remain moderately unpolluted, with the special case of territories, for example, Corio Bay, Hobsons Bay and the mouths of conduits. More than three million individuals now live and work in the catchments of the Bay, and numerous take part in entertainment exercises, for example, swimming, jumping, cruising and sculling, too as both recreational and business angling, in the Bay. There is an exceedingly assorted benthic and pelagic widely varied vegetation in the Bay. The Bay bolsters critical fish stocks that are the objective of business and/or recreational fishers, including surely understood fish species, for example, King George whiting and snapper, and also a scope of different types of biological significance. A significant part of the Bay's floor has a scanty biota of indigenous species, while broad territories have been colonized by nuisance species. In any case, broad zones of regular or semi-regular biological groups stay both inside and bordering the Bay. Most outstandingly, there are thick sea grass beds in Swan Bay and the Geelong Arm, also as littler regions of sea grass on parts of the Great Sands. These sea grass ranges give critical natural surroundings, including "nursery" territory, for a scope of fish animal varieties. In regions like Swan Bay and Mud Islands, and along the Western Port Phillip coastline, the between tidal, sub-tidal and physical vegetation underpins various fauna, including huge quantities of transitory winged animals. Other essential environment regions incorporate the middle of the road kelp-overwhelmed reefs and profound reef invertebrate groups in the Bay Entrance, which have elevated amounts of biodiversity. At the flip side of the Bay, the lower Yarra River estuary gives living space for species moving amongst freshwater and marine situations. Supplement rich surges from the Yarra River into Hobsons Bay, and in addition the Western Treatment Plant, bolster an abnormal state of tiny fish efficiency, which thus bolster a natural way of life including expansive quantities of anchovy furthermore higher-request feeders, for example, Little Penguins and different seabirds. Figure: bathymetry and setting of the bay CDP potential hazards A key peril of the CDP digging would be the technology of a turbid tuft, which may just have an impact on plant profitability given that of lessened mild accessibility, and also just a few impedance with plant and creature physiology, moreover creature nourishing behavior. As a final result, there's liable to be some lessening in each plant and creature profitability, and due to this fact most likely the catch of some fish species. The turbid tuft and the associated motion of the dig might likewise affect typical pleasantry for leisure clients of neighborhoods the Bay where digging is taking place, in connection to water first-class, clamor and the visual nearness of the dig. Additional, the crest speaks to a expertise threat to a couple mechanical operations reliant on water admission from the Yarra River or Bay. As an effect of those final influences or dangers, abilities economic and social effects for Bay and Yarra River clients other than PoMC will have to be regarded. The CDP digging of conceivably debased fabric from the lessen Yarra River what's extra, Hobsons Bay indicates a competencies hazard as far as each the persona of any tuft from this fabric and the appearance of contaminants at the dug fabric ground. There are some skills for each biota and individuals to be influenced. The control of these dangers, and other CDP perils, will greatly rely on upon the hardware utilized and rehearses embraced. A specific drawback emerging from digging in the Yarra River is the capabilities for obstruction with outsider basis crossing the stream, together with know-how transfers, a fuel pipeline and a trunk sewer. At lengthy last, the CDP presents talents health risks as far as, to start with, the habits of the digging itself influencing average transporting and cruising tendencies, and, second, the future developments of larger boats within the augmented sending channels. Potential CDP effects In mild of the CDP dangers influencing Bay frameworks and assets, the potential ecological influences that should be regarded on this comparison incorporate: Potential for lengthy haul changes to examples of water and dregs development into, out of and inside the Bay; Capabilities for negative results on the Bay's biological methods, especially as a consequence of turbid tufts and sedimentation from suspended dregs produced through digging; Expertise for improved risks to human wellbeing resulting from unsafe algal sprouts, what's extra, meeting of defiled dregs; Skills for lessening in leisure comfort, given that of turbid tufts and the digging movement itself, Skills for monetary effects on different clients of the Bay and cut back Yarra River water, as an aftereffect of lessened water quality, dislodging of exercises or multiplied dangers to framework; Expertise for results on Aboriginal and put up-contract social legacy, either submerged within or bordering the Bay; Knowledge changes in the risks to the Bay's environment and consumers from higher ships and alterations to transportation progress designs. Management plan Certain disorders proper now centered in administration are: Discount of combination nitrogen releases to the Bay by means of 1,000 tons for each year; Discount of silt burdens by way of administration of storm water; Discount of litter and flotsam and jetsam by way of water sensitive city outline; Saving and re-utilization of freshwater; and Making a choice on and overseeing presented marine irritations. Chiefly the Northern Pacific starfish. Local government, via the ABM, is firmly excited about water first-rate administration of Port Phillip Narrows. The committees have direct responsibilities related to shoreline cleaning and administration of regional rivers and deplete and have built up a deliberate methodology for promoting, state funded training and media use to elevate mindfulness and response to shoreline and water fine. The legitimate of the ABM comprises of Committee Chairs and there's yearly revolution so that the role of Chair of ABM moves from gathering to committee. The respectable contains of the gift, quick prior and assigned successor Chair. This guarantees congruity, offers new vitality and brings new features of view to awaken the work of the gathering. The ABM has worked with state govt., Melbourne Water, the Municipal organization of Victoria, neighborhood agencies and industry to create rules and norms for water sensitive urban configuration. The directions are being linked within the catchment for new "green field" upgrades and entrepreneurially in redevelopment and open works constructing of built up zones. Due to this fact they are effectively adding to enhancements to the nature of storm water from catchments that burn up into Port Phillip. A continuing with highlight of ABM administration is the utilization of somewhat quantity of secure standard open crusade messages on issues, for example, litter and professional waste transfer by all gatherings. Storm water management The ABM chambers, with backing from the Australian and Victorian governments and financing raised via group bunches, have attempted capital works applications for establishment of gross infection and residue traps. When you consider that these "finish-of-funnel" medicines are just part of the arrangement, the ABM set out on noteworthy venture clean Storm water an arranging approach with backing from the Federation and State Governments. The project constructed up a water smooth city configuration toolbox for the outline, switch, filtration, confinement and ability of freshwater at scales at the local, neighborhood in addition, neighborhood stages. This assume has been performed in parallel and as a workforce with Clearwater understanding exchange, a joint activity of the Municipal organization of Victoria and the Storm water industry Relationship of Victoria. This is ecological instruction software financed by means of the atmosphere Assurance Authority Victoria as a foremost side of the Victorian Storm water motion application. It conducts instructive ventures and events and continues up a website with a long way accomplishing databases on encounters, accomplishments and administration classes learned via regional and state executive and industry in overseeing storm water, wastewater and water safeguard. Neighboring gatherings alongside the Yarra and the Maribyrnong have fascinated with the venture quite simply with positive effects and rehashed practices 'upstream'. Conclusion The administration process is given via a mounted method of presidency, confidential division and staff offices working cooperatively without a certain Bay or water fine administration planning workplace. The Victorian State government tasks related to imperative administration and checking of water nature of Port Phillip Bay leisure with the atmosphere security Authority. The objectives for water quality are hooked up through the environment protection Authority via enforceable controls. The Port Phillip Bay Environmental management Plan was installed in 2002 by means of the department of typical property and environment to present the method to assembly the water exceptional ambitions. Melbourne Water is answerable for water reaping, supply and medication. References B., G. and Godsell, P. (1936). Arctic Trader: An Account of Twenty Years with the Hudson's Bay Company. The Geographical Journal, 87(4), p.369. Ball, P. (2005). 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International Review of Scottish Studies, 10(0). Goldring, P. (2008). Scottish Recruiting for the Hudson's Bay Company 1821 - 1880. International Review of Scottish Studies, 10(0). Graca, B. (2009). The Puck Bay as an example of deep dredging unfavorably affecting the aquatic environment. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 38(2). Graca, B. and Dudkowiak, M. (2007). Microbiological changes in the environment caused by deep dredging. A case study: post-dredging pit Kunica II (Puck Bay). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 36(1). Haines, T. (1889). Dredging and Reclaiming Land in Glorietta Bay, California. Sci Am, 60(21), pp.319-319. Hquette, A., Tremblay, P. and Hill, P. (1999). Nearshore erosion by combined ice scouring and near-bottom currents in eastern Hudson Bay, Canada. Marine Geology, 158(1-4), pp.253-266. Jones, G. (1981). Effects of dredging and reclamation on the sediments of Botany Bay. Mar. Freshwater Res., 32(3), p.369. Jones, G. and Candy, S. (1981). Effects of dredging on the macrobenthic infauna of Botany Bay. Mar. Freshwater Res., 32(3), p.379. Kindle, E. (1916). Bottom control of marine faunas as illustrated by dredging in the Bay of Fundy. American Journal of Science, s4-41(245), pp.449-461. Levine, P. (1980). Depot Bay. The Missouri Review, 4(2), pp.9-10. Levine, P. (1980). I Wanted You To Know, and: Depot Bay. The Missouri Review, 4(2), pp.5-10. Grant Gross, William B. Cronin, (1977). Dredging and Spoil Disposal in Chesapeake Bay, 1975-2025: ABSTRACT. Bulletin, 61. Mann, A. (1893). List of Diatomaceae from a deep-sea dredging in the Atlantic Ocean off Delaware Bay by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(937), pp.303-312. Mostafa, Y. (2012). Environmental impacts of dredging and land reclamation at Abu Qir Bay, Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 3(1), pp.1-15. Phillips, D. and Grover, P. (1994). Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Activation: Bay Regions and Beyond. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 26(1-2), pp.443-467. Reichelt, A. and Jones, G. (1994). Trace metals as tracers of dredging activity in Cleveland Bay field and laboratory studies. Mar. Freshwater Res., 45(7), p.1237. Reid, P. (1980). Toxic dinoflagellates and tidal power generation in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 11(2), pp.47-51. Roberts, P. (2001). Closure to Modeling Mamala Bay Outfall Plumes. II: Far Field by Philip J. W. Roberts. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127(2), p.164. Roberts, P. (2001). Closure to Modeling Mamala Bay Outfall Plumes. I: Near Field by Philip J. W. Roberts. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127(2), p.161. S., E. and Kenway, P. (1929). Pioneering in Poverty Bay, N. Z. The Geographical Journal, 73(4), p.388. Smith, N. (2005). Transport through Tavernier Creek: a primary flushing pathway for Northeast Florida Bay. Ocean Dynamics, 55(5-6), pp.449-457. Sykes, J. (1971). Implications of Dredging and Filling in Boca Ciega Bay, Florida. Environmental Letters, 1(2), pp.151-156. Szymelfenig, M., Kotwicki, L. and Graca, B. (2006). Benthic re-colonization in post-dredging pits in the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic Sea). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 68(3-4), pp.489-498. Trayner, P. and Cooper, M. (1984). Cleavage geometry and the development of the Church Bay Anticline, Co. Cork, Ireland. Journal of Structural Geology, 6(1-2), pp.83-87. Williams, P. (1989). Managing freshwater inflow to the San Francisco Bay Estuary. Regul. Rivers: Res. Mgmt., 4(3), pp.285-298. Yam, P. (2002). Keeping the Mad Cows at Bay. Sci Am, 287(1), pp.38-39. Yuan, P. (2015). Archi-Union Architects, City of Breeze, Shenzhen Bay, Shenzhen, China. Archit. Design, 85(6), pp.110-113. Zhang, Z., Zong, H., Wang, Y. and Zhang, Z. (2012). Effects of Sediment Dredging on the Diffusion Fluxes of Nutrients between Sediment and Water in Dalian Bay. AMR, 518-523, pp.347-351.

The Key To Exquisite Writing Thomas Paine And His Use Of Urgency Essa

The key to exquisite writing: Thomas Paine and his use of urgency English III 1st period A preacher dies, and when he goes to Heaven, he sees a New York cab driver who has a higher place than him. He says to Saint Peter, "I don't get it. I devoted my whole life to my congregation and some taxi driver has a higher place in Heaven than I do?" Saint Peter says, "We reward results. Did your congregation always pay attention when you gave a sermon?" The preacher says, "Once in a while someone fell asleep." Saint Peter says, "Right. And when people rode in this guy's taxi, they not only stayed awake, but they usually prayed." Perspective. Perception plays a key role in the overall chemistry of any literary composition. It is in this perspective that one discovers through the writings of Thomas Paine that there are an infinite number of ways to stir up nationalism and the willingness to rebel. One's incorporation of the tone in urgency is used to feed the colonists' anger and need of desire for life, liberty and the pursuit and of happiness. "If there must be trouble let it be in my day, that my child may have peace, and this single reflection, well applied, is sufficient to awaken every man to duty. Not a place upon earth might be so happy as America." (The Crisis, Number I) Through this selection one conceives the unfaltering passion and hunger for freedom, if not for oneself, then for one's future generations. Paine indirectly suggest that it is a moral imperative to do so. It's comparable to the moral debate that was produced by a Dr. Watson. It states that if there were to be only a certain amount of food left on earth and that it could last one person a lifetime or everyone only a few days, that we should pick the moral imperative and share the food with everyone. At the point where there is progress in the morale of the people, death is even justified. Paine consolidates this into his writings by urging for an instantaneous rebellion so that their children would be able to live in peace and not have to suffer any detriment, even if it means having to sacrifice something in return. In order to do the antecedent, it is imperative that they embark on this mission contiguously, which Paine urges by stating the prior quote. "The heart that feels not now, is dead: the blood of his children will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them happy." (The Crisis, Number I) Paine contends that now is the key time to make any move, if any move at all. It's much like a giggapet. A giggapet requires constant training and feeding and any other requirements needed to get it to it's highest health status. If one giggapet acquires no attention or very little for a significant amount of time, it's health will fail. Now if the antithesis were to happen with the other we would see two distinct pets, one being potent and the other being powerless. The next stage would be the battle. Obviously the pet with the most power will win. America is much like this weak giggapet. If we put thoughts of a revolution aside, we will not feed our qualifying factors for a rebellion and become weak, while the opposition sequentially gains power. "Tis not the concern of a day, a year, or an age; posterity are virtually involved in the contest, and will be more or less affected even to the end of time by the proceedings now. Now is the seedtime of continental union, faith, and honor." (Common Sense) This has to be the juncture where Paine comes out and spells everything out for the colonists. Paine comes out and pronounces, "Now is the seedtime.." hinting for the colonists to take this idea and run with it, and initiate the revoluti on immediately. So one can easily grasp how the title "Common Sense" came to be. Another assertion is made when it is states that whatever we do now will induce the future. The timeframe of

I. Introduction II. Marxism A. Definition & Explanation B. Example Ec

I. Introduction II. Marxism A. Definition B. Example: Economic Evolution III. Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) A. Definition B. Example: The Parliament versus the Crown IV. Institutional Theory A. Definition B. Example: Social Change V. Conclusion Human relationships have always been dynamic. Change and adaptability have gone hand in hand with the passage of time for human society. Systems have been developed to regulate, direct and control the resources of this society. The systems are referred to as governments and the resources as the populace or inhabitants and forces of production. A government must be dynamic in its nature reflecting the change in society. At times these systems have resisted the necessity to adapt with its components (Society) creating a deficit between the system and those it regulates. As the deficits develop, they cause instability, and could lead to revolution.1 Theories have been developed t o explain the systemic phenomenon called revolution. This paper will discuss three modern theories and apply them to the English revolution of 1640. The first theory, developed by Carl Marx (Marxism), will address the economic evolution in English society. This theory will emphasize and explain how the shift from a feudal/mercantile system to capitalism affected English society. The second, called the Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) developed by Charles Tilly, will explain how the English organizations (the Crown and the Parliament) effectively obtained, amassed and managed resources. Samuel Huntington's, "Institutional Theory", will argue that the existing government at that time was unable to incorporate the demands and personnel that the socio-economic changes created. Marxism was formulated in the 19th century. Carl Marx and his associate Frederick Engels observed the socio-economic changes that were transpiring in Britain. England was the dominant world power and had the largest industrialized economy during the 1800's. The development of the factory and the institution of the assembly line created a large demand for workers. This demand was satiated by migrating peasant from the rural areas in England and Ireland to developing urban centers. As these urban centers or cities evolved using industry as the economic backbone for the population, a large number of factory workers were accumulated to operate the machinery in horrid conditions. These workers, which would be termed as the peasantry under a feudal system, were now the working class or proletariat. They entered cities with hopes of bettering their lives and survival. Though revolution never took place in England during this period, it allowed Marx to study industrialization, urbanization and imperialism. The theory of Marxism has three basic concepts: historic materialism, forces of production and relations of production. Historic materialism is defined as a society's past performance and present capabilities of satisfying the basic means of life. Humankind's basic needs of eating, drinking and shelter need to be met properly. The forces of production (technology, capital, the infrastructure of society, etc.) are important for the simple fact of who ever controls them controls the society. The last aspect of Marxism, the relations of production, deals directly with the relationships between classes of people (the aristocracy, the middle-class and the working class).2 Marxism includes a predictive analysis of socio-economic structures. Using history, logic and the dynamic nature of humankind as guidelines, Carl Marx attempts to map out a sequence of events which will eventually lead to utopia (anarchy). In his work, Das Capital, Marx details the six steps. These steps are primitive socialism, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, communism and then anarchy. The evolution of the English economic system during the 16th and 17th centuries points to a shift from feudalism to capitalism. This shift is exemplified by the enclosures. The landlords began to fence their property in the common land areas. The "commons" were large plots of grazing and farmable lands that were used by both farmers and artisans. When the land-owners and manorial lords began to partition these lands the concept of private ownership of property was introduced to the socio-economic system.3 During the time period of the 16th and 17th centuries the crown's economic base began a gradual decline. This economic shrinkage came to a spearhead during the reign of Charles I. The monarchy favored a monopoly market system over a competitive one. The purpose

History of the Conservative Movement essays

History of the Conservative Movement essays Many people argue that the conservative movement started with an article in the National Review on November 19, 1955. The name of the article was the "Publisher's Statement", written by William F. Buckley Jr., the magazine's editor-publisher. At the age of 30, Buckley declared, "let's face it: Unlike Vienna it seems altogether possible that did National Review not exist, no one would have invented it." During the first five years, the magazine's circulation hovered around 20,000. This would be the start of a new type of thinking, a newer, bolder more "conservative" type of thinking. This year, 1955, would start what would be called the conservative movement. The conservative movement has a vast history, an active present, and an expanding future. The father of modern conservatism (although he never used the term "conservatism") was the British parliamentarian Edmund Burke. Burke's ideas developed as a result of his reaction to the French Revolution in 1789. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), Burke attacked the French activists for their preoccupation with theory and with ideas. In America Federalists were guided by conservative principles like those of Burke. American political movements did not finally divide into conservative and progressive factions until about the time of the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. After World War II, the conservatives became strident opponents of international communism. Like mentioned before, the Conservative movement in America started in 1955 with William F. Buckley's article in the National Review. The roots of conservatism formed from two completely different views of thinking. One, from the doctrines of classical liberalism, grounded in the British emphasis on pol itical and economic freedom. The second derived from our Judaeo-Christian heritage itself. As the United States approaches the halfway point in the twentieth century, both views were out of style and the liberali...

Analysis case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis - Case Study Example Therefore, the cash reward system proposed at DrainFlow should be aligned with this objective. Unfortunately, the proposed mechanism of individual productivity as a basis of cash reward is not aligned with this objective. DrainFlow’s performance are often dependent on another job category to perform effectively and efficiently. For example, the 20 completed calls of order processors does not necessarily translate to customer satisfaction because other employees has to do other jobs in the chain to satisfy customers. It does not guarantee that the plumber will do the job well as well as other employees such as billing representative and assistant plumber. It does not also address the root cause of job dissatisfaction which is unequitable salary structure and flawed job design. Also, customer satisfaction requires team work and collective effort in plumbing business so instead of individually rewarding employees, emphasis should be made on the customer satisfaction as the criteria of reward. Individual reward system will still be installed in the company’s reward system such as commendation from customer but will not be the sole criteria of reward. At present, there is little consistency in the hiring practice of DrainFlow. This hiring practice is flawed because the company may be getting talents that is not consistent with company objective. For example, its employees has little customer service aptitude and see the business in terms of technical plumbing practice. While this may mean that the employees know how to do the job, this still could result to low customer satisfaction evident with the following problems. 25% percent of customers ended in no service call because customers was confused by the diagnostic questions the order processors asked and did not sufficient skill to explain the situation. 40% of customers are not satisfied with the

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-CHIQUITA'S GLOBAL TURNAROUND - Case Study Example After experiencing huge losses through socially irresponsible practices and unfavorable tariffs, the company re-evaluated itself and decided to incorporate its corporate governance and corporate social responsibility initiatives globally. Chiquita further recognized the significance of being socially responsible as a means of gaining competitive edge in the market along with its pricing strategy. Therefore, it took on the Better Banana Project which allowed it to be environmentally responsible. In regards to labor practices, Chiquita accepting the importance of the support of its employees and its impact on the company’s image adopted the SA8000, the widely accepted international labor rights standards, in its code of conduct. The company also ensured the health and safety of workers by promising to fulfill the ILO conventions. Even though, Chiquita could have advertised its attempts at being socially responsible, it employed long-term marketing strategies such as viral marketing and third party testimonials to promote its products and efforts. Thus, all the above-mentioned efforts along with cutting costs and streamlining the local and worldwide operations have facilitated Chiquita in improving not only its financial performance, but its efficiency and the corporate image as well. Even though, the company has improved dramatically over the years, it still has to go a long way to accomplish a healthy and socially responsible corporate

Look at the Way Shakespeare Explores Relationships Between Men and Women in Measure for Measure Essay Example for Free

Look at the Way Shakespeare Explores Relationships Between Men and Women in Measure for Measure Essay When Shakespeare wrote Measure for Measure in approximately 1604, society was very sexist towards females and men were seen as the stronger sex, however Shakespeare included lots of strong female characters in his plays such as Portia in ‘Mercent of Venice’ and Lady Macbeth in ‘Macbeth’, he was aware that his plays wouldn’t change society and that unlimitedly, women are regarded as subservient to men. They were not allowed to vote, state their real opinions, go to university and they were never formally educated; their only expected roles in life were to run the household and provide children. Consequently, many men regarded their wives and daughters as possessions who were expected to abide by their husbands and fathers no matter what. When it came down to relationships with the opposite sex, virginity was regarded as a virtue and a prize. Men expected their wives to be pure in preparation for marriage and the women that had ‘succumbed to the pleasures of the flesh’ before they were married were considered ruined women. Men however were encouraged to learn the arts of seduction and some men of the higher class were sent to Italy to learn the art. In the society of Measure for Measure, men clearly use and abuse women. One of the main characters Angelo is placed in charge of the city in Vienna by Duke Vincentio. The Duke had been quite an easy going ruler who feels that it is time to clean up the Viennese society and administer a greater sense of honour. He chooses Angelo because of the strong characteristics and principles that he has make him stand out for being the perfect person to do so. Despite his name being a play on the word ‘angel’, he absurdly proves to be the villain of the play and along with several other male figures, he uses not only his gender but also his position of power, to exploit several members of the ‘weaker’ sex. When Angelo takes authority as ruler in the Duke’s absence he immediately wishes to make a mark. Unbeknown to him, the Duke has disguised himself as a Friar and has returned to Vienna to observe how Angelo administers ascendancy. Angelo initially comes forth as beyond criticism and determined to rule with an iron fist. When he discovers that a nobleman called Claudio has slept with his partner impregnated her, he orders Claudio be executed as an example to the citizens of Vienna, that such immorality will not be tolerated. The nobleman Claudio is introduced to us in Act 1 Scene 2. As he is being led away to prison, his friend Lucio asks the meaning of ‘this restraint’ and queries as to weather or not it is because of ‘lechery’. Claudio agrees that to a degree, his crime is one of being too lenient in terms of sexual activity and we recognize that this is a society where men and women are expected to show self-control before marriage. Claudio talks about his lover, Julietta with a certain degree of dominance; we learn he had ‘possession’ of her bed but in his justification it was ‘upon a true contract’ and it seemed the liaison was consensual. But also ‘upon a true contract’ could also mean that Julietta has donated herself to the dominant member of the relationship. Also this statement makes the ‘relationship’ appear to be almost a deal or an agreement in which has been made between the two characters. He also argues that they were as good as engaged but were waiting for the right moment to reveal the news to her family. Their sexual relationship is regarded by Claudio as ‘mutual entertainment’ and we realise that both can be held responsible for their crime however Julietta is now pregnant and they cannot hide their actions from others who can see the ‘shame’ of their union. In addition, the word mainly focused upon, is ‘possession’. This word once again reflects the sexism surrounding this era; in that the male is the dominant and most significant person. Therefore, it is clear that the women (being Julietta in this case) is almost an in-animate object, which is owned or ‘possessed’ by the man. Claudio’s sister, Isabella, is an aspiring nun and when she first heard about her brother’s arrest she snaps at Angelo with ‘make me not your story’. She honestly doesn’t believe that her brother has committed such sin and thinks it is all a story. When she comes to plead for her brother’s life, she is clearly virtuous and innocent; untainted by the ills of society and ready to offer up her life to God. Angelo is overtaken by his desires and attracted to her virtuous nature. He offers the proposition that Isabella ‘yield up’ her body to his ‘will’ and he in turn will grant a pardon for Claudio. The word ‘yield’ suggests Isabella should give in or cower before Angelo’s might as a man and as a ruler. It reflects how Elizabethan men thought of women as possessions, objects and caring about only their bodies and not their souls; that when it came to sex before marriage, women were meant to give up their bodies. Isabella is horrified and refuses, believing that by sacrificing her virginity, she sacrifices her soul. The word ‘will’ shows that Angelo dominates and expects to be obeyed in the ‘relationship’, despite her opinions or rights. As a man in a superior position, Angelo is used to being obeyed and his demands are to be met. This shows us that men treated women as objects to satisfy their needs. In light of how sexist this play has been, at the end of the play in scene 5 I become almost convinced of how vile the Duke is. He tries to portray himself as this great big hero when he helps Isabella save Claudio; but then injustices that by punishing Lucio so harshly. Prostitutes in those days were thought of as strumpets and marriage with such a person was a ‘sin’. So, Lucio is given an option to marry the whore he impregnated but he never has to repent for what he did. Actions like this in the Viennese society were highly frowned upon and this highlights even more how badly men thought about women in these situations because Lucio was devastated when the Duke told him his sentence. Isabella, originally on the verge of becoming a nun, finds herself about to marry the Duke. It is interesting that she is not given a chance to reply to the Dukes marriage proposal in the play. She is assumedly very content to become the spouse of the towns leader, mainly since he has saved her brothers life. But at the same time this situation reinforces her loss of sexual independence. The central conflict in the play revolves roughly around Isabellas rejection to follow the ways of the majority of the women in Vienna. Her marriage to the Duke confirms her virtue while denying her independence. There are no independent women in Measure for Measure. This is not strange, considering the setting and Shakespeares own era. But Measure for Measure gives its women characters even less freedom than other Shakespearean plays. Isabella is the one exception in that she refuses to respond to Angelos advances. However, she is still obedient toward the Duke, following all of his instructions. At the conclusion of the play, the Duke administers punishment to all of the people who have done wrong and rewards the good. Angelo is told to marry Mariana, and he escapes death at her request. The Duke probably does not want to execute Angelo, but wants it made clear that his crime deserves such a punishment. Marianas reward is Angelo, which she takes happily, although the Duke tells her that he is unworthy of her love. Claudio is allowed to marry Juliet, and Lucio is punished by being made to marry a prostitute. Marriage is not a specific punishment or reward; however in this situation it is definitely a punishment.

Celebrity Endorsement In Malaysia Marketing Essay

Celebrity Endorsement In Malaysia Marketing Essay Advertising started to play an active role in advertising when it came to the development of society in the economy in the early 1930s. Celebrities acted as spokesperson, in order to advertise and promote a company products, services or ides. Those celebrities came from the art scene, modelling, sports as well as the entertainment industry (Kambitsis et.al., 2002). When a British actress Lillie Langtry appeared on a package on Pears Soap in 1893, she became the worlds first celebrity endorser. Since radio became commercial in the late 20s and television was introduced in the late 40s, celebrities started doing commercials (Sherman, 2010). Due to this, celebrity endorsement has become one of the most effective tools in attracting consumers. Almost every celebrity all around the world is doing commercials. For examples Jack Benny, an American actor and comedian endorsed Jell-O, a gelatin dessert product in the 30s and 40s, David Beckham with Pepsi, Soon Hye Kyo with Laneige, Ashwarya Rai with LOreal shampoo, Jackie Chan endorses Kaspersky, and many more. In Malaysia, celebrities have also been widely used in advertising. For example, Erra Fazira endorses Lux, Sarimah with Rejoice, Chef Wan with Vesawit and Siti Nurhaliza with Pepsi. This shows that by having celebrities to endorse a product it will not only increase the brand image but also the level of credibility and belief among consumers (Zabid et.al, 2002). Problem Statement Celebrity endorsement has become one of the most employed strategies in promoting a product or a service. This is because celebrities are well-known therefore; they will make the product that is being endorsed more noticeable. Even though this strategy is the most commonly use, there are some companies in Malaysia are still reluctant to use this strategy in promoting its product. Therefore, this research with the title The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Malaysia will help the companies by answering questions regarding the topic. They are: What are relationship between advertising and celebrity endorsement? What are the factors that influence the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement? How effective is the implementation of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia? Research Objectives Based on the problem statements stated above, the research objectives are: To review the relationship between advertising and celebrity advertising. To analyze the factors that influences the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. To evaluate the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. 2. Literature Review Relationship between Advertising and Celebrity Endorsement Advertising is defined as the promotion of a companys products and services to drive sales and also to communicate changes of new products or services to the customers (Buzzle.com, 2011). Advertising has become one of the essential elements in a business because it does not only help in increasing the sales of the product but also creating and maintaining its image among customers. There are various types of advertising that can be implemented by companies in order to promote its products and services. They are print advertising, outdoor advertising, public service advertising, surrogate advertising, covert advertising, broadcast advertising and celebrity advertising (Buzzle.com, 2011). Print advertising is a type of advertising that uses printing media such as newspapers, newsletters and magazines to convey its message to customers. On the other hand, outdoor advertising communicates its message through promotional display such as highway billboards, transit posters and arena placement (Wisegeek.com, 2011). According to Wisegeek.com (2011), Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc. (OAAC) had stated that businesses spent $5.8 billion dollars on outdoor advertising in 2004. Public service advertising is an advertising technique that conveys socially relevant messages regarding important matter and social welfare causes like poverty, and deforestation (Buzzle.com, 2011). Meanwhile, surrogate advertising is defined as the process of duplicating the brand image of one product extensively in order to promote another product of the same brand (Panda, 2005). For example, companies that produce cigarettes or alcohol which are prohibited by law in some country have t o come up with other products of the same brand in order to remind people about their existence in the market (Buzzle.com, 2011). According to Targeting-Marketing.com (2011), covert advertising is presently is the hottest trend in promoting a product. Covert advertising is a type of advertising that incorporated in some entertainment and media channels such as movies, sports and TV shows in order to reach its customers. Some of the examples are the appearance on Nokia N97 in I Gotta Feelin' music video by Black Eyed Peas, and the sponsorship of an America TV show F.R.I.E.N.D.S. by Nescafe. Another type of advertising is broadcast advertising. Broadcast advertising is a type of advertising that uses medium such as television, radio and internet to convey its message to the people. This is the most popular advertising technique because it enables the company to reach a wider audience. On the other hand, celebrity advertising is the use of a celebrity or a public figure for the purpose of selling products or services. According to McCracken (1989), celebrity endorsement is defined as a personality who benefits from public recognition and utilizes this acknowledgment on behalf of a consumer product by endorsing it to the public (McCracken, 1989). In short, a celebrity is someone who is well-known due to his/her achievement especially in areas of entertainment such as films, music, writing, or sport. There are two forms of celebrity advertising; celebrity license and celebrity endorsement (Mistry, 2006). Compared to celebrity license, celebrity endorsement is the most widely used strategy in promoting products and services today. Celebrity endorsement is when celebrities give his/her expert opinion regarding the product, become the spokesperson for a product, or just being associated with a particular product (Seno and Lucas, 2007). However, according to Kamins (1989) celebrity endorsement may also include the non-celebrities such as a typical consumer, a product professional expert, or a company pr esident. Typical consumer endorser is an ordinary person who has no special knowledge regarding the product but has already purchased and used the product beforehand. On the other hand, a product expert is a person or a group that possesses a superior knowledge regarding the product (Zabid et.al., 2002). Celebrity vs. Non-Celebrity Effectiveness According to Seno and Lucas (2007), a research has found that compared to other type of endorsers such as typical consumer and the professional expert, celebrities are the most effective individual to attract customers. In contrast, Tom et.al (1992) said that non-celebrities endorsers are more effective compared to celebrity endorsers. This is because with non-celebrity endorsers, it enables the company to control and create the characters that is appropriate for the product and the target audience. Besides that, these characters are not allowed to endorse any other product. On the other hand, celebrity endorsers had already created their own characters therefore; the company is unable to control them. Differences were found in the cognitive responses. However, there is no statistically significant difference in attitudes towards advertising and the intention of purchasing the endorsed product in the celebrity and non-celebrity endorsement (Mehta 1994). Factors that affect the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement There are number of factors that influence the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Examples of the factors are celebrity performance, celebrity attractiveness, celebrity credibility, celebrity information, multiple endorsements, celebrity popularity, celebrity availability, celebrity-product match, and many more. However, in this research only some of these factors will be discussed. Celebrity Performance In the context of this research, celebrity performance refers to the achievement of the celebrity in their chosen profession. This could refer to the success of the celebrity in music or movies, the performance level of athlete in sports and many more. When a celebrity fails to perform in acceptably by consumers, the effectiveness of the endorsement tends to decline (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). In contrast, if the celebrity performance is increasing, the effectiveness of the endorsement will also increase. Celebrity Information Since there is always a pairing between the brand and the celebrity established by consumers, negative information regarding the celebrity may affect the brand negatively (Erdogan and Baker, 2000). For example, Tiger Wood is always known as the endorser of Nike. However, due to a series of news report about his personal life, Nike lost over four percent of its aggregate market value (Knittel and Stango, 2009). This shows that a negative perception about a celebrity will decrease the level of the effectiveness of the endorsement. Hence, it will lead to a loss for the company. Celebrity Attractiveness Chao et.al (2005) has stated that celebrity attractiveness in one of the factor that can determine the successfulness of celebrity endorsement. According to Kahle and Homer (1985), physically attractive endorsers are generally viewed and more preferable by consumers compared to the less attractive endorsers. Hence, by having attractive celebrity endorsers, it will increase the effectiveness of the celebrity endorsement. For example, when Laneige decided to change its endorser from Jeon Ji Hyun to a prettier and famous Korean actress, awareness of the existence of the brand starts to increase among consumers. This leads to an increase in sales of the product (Amore Pacific Corporation, 2009). Celebrity Credibility The most important aspect in celebrity endorsement is credibility. According to Miciak and Shanklin (1994), a research made among 43 advertisement agencies and companies, it is believed that the most important scope of credibility are trustworthiness and the expertise of the celebrity with the product that is being endorsed. For example, with the credibility of Amitabh Bachchans, Cadburys business which was declining due to the controversy has been revived and back on track (Taleja, 2010). Multiple Endorsements There are two cases of multiple endorsements that are always been debated. They are 1) a single brand hiring multiple celebrities and 2) a single celebrity endorsing multiple brands. For example, Britney Spears, consumers may remember her as Pepsis endorser but they might not remember her as McDonalds or Toyota Vioss endorser in 2000. Another example of multiple endorsements is Clear for Men uses Christiano Ronaldo and Rain as endorsers. Celebrity-Product Match The celebrity-product match/fit is also known as the match-up hypothesis. It refers to the synchronization of the match between the celebrity endorser and the product that is being endorsed (Till and Busler, 2000). According to Friedman et.al (1978), Erdogan and Baker (2000), and Till and Busler (2000), celebrity-product fit is the key function of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. This is because with the right celebrity with the right personality, the message can be convey to the consumers effectively. For example, Pepsis target market is the youth. Therefore, by sponsoring Michael Jackson World concert in 1993, Pepsi is able to reach its target market easily. Research Methodology 3.1 Theoretical Framework Figure 1: Factors that Influences the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement 3.2 Path Analysis The main purpose of this research is to analyze the factors the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. From the literature review above, it is found that there are 6 main factors that influence the effectiveness of implementing celebrity endorsement strategy to attract customers. By understanding these factors, the effectiveness can be identified. Hence, the effectiveness of the implementation of this strategy Malaysia can be investigated. 3.3 Research Design 3.4 Data Collection Data is the most crucial element needed in making a research. This is because without the presence of relevant data, the objectives and purpose of a research cannot be met easily. There are two types of data; primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the original or first-hand material that has not been interpreted by anyone before. It can be further divided into two categories; qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data is described as data that can be categorized according to its characteristics such as gender and nationality. On the other hand, quantitative data (also known as numerical data) are data that can be measured on a numerical scale. Secondary data is the information collected from other resources such as books, journals, review articles, and newspaper which is related to the research.   For this research, primary data can be obtained through questionnaires, focus group or observation. Questionnaire is a set of questions given to respondents in order to get data which is related to the research topic. On the other hand, focus group is a form of  qualitative research  in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging (Henderson, 2009). Meanwhile, observation refers to a technique in which the behaviour of research subjects is watched and recorded without any direct contact.The most effective primary research for this study is questionnaire. This is because questionnaires enable researcher to obtain data from the target group efficiently. In the questionnaire, the questions are designed as open ended questions and close ended questions. Open ended questions are questions that required the respondents to attach their opinion towards the question. Meanwhile, the close ended questions required the respondents to choose, or rate the questions accordingly. For this topic, both questions are suggested to be asked in the questionnaire. By having these two types of questions in this questionnaire, it enables researcher to collect information containing both qualitative and quantitative data. However, there is no primary research has been done by the researcher yet. Therefore, no primary data are available. For secondary research, data are obtained from journals, books, and website published by others. In developing this research, number of journals, articles, books and websites has been referred. However, only some of them are used in developing this research. 3.5 Sample This research focuses on the sampling group of young adult and adult from the age of 18 to 35 years old. This range has been chosen because they are the group of people who always make their own decision on purchasing a product or service. Besides that, this range is chosen because they are the group of people who are always be influenced by the celebrities. By having them as the target segment, research can be done easily and effectively. 3.6 Measures In this research, the measurement scales that are selected are the likert scale and the nominal scale. According to Proctor (2003), nominal scale enables an object to be placed in one and only one of a set of mutually exclusive classes with no implied ordering such as gender; male or female. On the other hand, likert scale is a scaling method that describes the quantitative value to qualitative data in order to make it amenable to statistical analysis such as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree (BusinessDictionary.com, 2011). For this research,  the nominal scale is used to measure the age and gender of the targeted respondents and the likert scale is used to measure the consumers perception towards celebrity endorsement. 3.7 Limitation Due to the nature of this research, it has to be said that the research could have been done more accurately if more resources for example text book could be obtain to support the research. This research title is very limited in text book provided in KBU College Library but there are more in the Emerald Insight website. In order to obtain quality journals from there, users are recommended to pay the membership fee online. However, KBU does offer student the access to Emerald Insight website because the college had already paid the fee, but students are allowed to access to the website within the college premises. Furthermore, this research only used secondary data collection. Most of the secondary data come from other authors opinion gain from their findings. So, the opinions from other authors do not mean they are aligned with the entire populations opinions in this world. Due to this problem, the accuracy of this research had reduced. Besides that, due to the limited time, no primary research has been done. Hence, all information available in this research does not meet the purpose of this research which is to study the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. Ethical Consideration Before conducting the research, a researcher has to make sure that the research topic, objectives and benefits are clearly explain to avoid the deception on the research. Besides that, all the information given by the respondents such as name, age, contact number and home address are private and confidential. Hence they must be protected and cannot be reveled or sold elsewhere. Respondents are also allowed to not to provide their details or information before answering the questions to protect their privacy if forced. Time scale

Early English Law Essay

Early English law sought not only to deter crime and immoral behaviour but to exert social control, particularly over the lesser mortals, nothing changes. Crimes committed in early England are not much different to the crimes committed today, although the punishments given are very different. Our methods today for punishment no longer use barbaric methods such as hanging, stoning, burning, drowning, decapitation and the breaking of the neck for serious crimes nor do we amputate , blind, scalp and brand for the lesser crimes committed. Instead we send offenders to prison for the serious crimes and fine/community service for the lesser crimes committed. Abduction, murder, rape, robbery, damage to property and assault are still punishable today but adultery and slaves are no longer offences due to society changes. To exert social control early English law stated â€Å"any person who tried to escape pursuit or to act in self-defence could be cut down irrespective of the magnitude of the suspected offence or the age or sex of the suspected offender† this can be said for today if a suspect were to run from a crime. In Aethelbert’s codes that all men were not equal before the law, and even less so in the case of women does not extend to today as far as the law is today, all men and women are equal regardless of colour, race, age or gender. Early English law did not have prisons and fines were determined by social status, the higher up the person was the less they had to pay. The king did not have the expense in maintaining prisons as as far as he was concerned compensation rather than incarceration was eminently satisfactory method of dealing with crime. Substantial proportion of fines and confiscations were claimed by him, crime did pay as far as the crown was concerned. Today, fines could not be considered for crimes such as rape and murder. Another method of early English law social control was that of hanging, stoning, burning, drowning, decapitation and the breaking of the neck these would be done in public and people would come to watch the executions. Also, mutilation of limbs carried scars and offenders would have to live with this for the rest of their lives. This helped to exert social control as the executions and mutilations would act as a deterrent in that no one would want this to happen to them. None of these methods are done today. It is clear to see that there are no real comparisons to early English law and the law today. Today we have prisons and use fines to exert social control. We no longer use barbaric methods to enforce the law. Sentencing, fines and community service today should be enough to discourage from people offending although in all societies offences do happen as they did back in early England but today we tend to help the offenders by counselling, fining and giving back to the community as in community services, whereas early England the punishments were grotesque. Death, mutilation and maiming were acceptable methods of punishments and social control.

Learning Experiences Essay

A fear of something may begin as an involuntary response that is then reinforced through experience. Fears that arise out of experience may be based an isolated event, or a recurring event that reinforces the behavior. This experience which causes the fear can be analyzed through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning. For example, an individual with a fear of dogs may have had a natural fear without any negative experience which then may be reinforced through actual negative situations. There may not be an explanation of why this fear develops just as a person may have distaste for certain foods, types of music, or specific hobbies, however circumstances may reinforce the fear that commenced without a definitive cause. Someone may have a fear but the fear may not necessarily be one that exists long term when reinforced with positive reinforcements it can be diminished or not so debilitating. This paper will discuss a particular individual, or sub ject, and her experiences which led to intense fear of dogs, that then diminished as a result of a long periods of positivity in her interactions with dogs. Classical Conditioning â€Å"Classical conditioning helps explain such diverse phenomena as crying at the sight of a bride walking down the aisle, fearing the dark, and falling in love.† In other words, having a particular experience or series of experiences brings about a permanent change in behavior. The subject as a child had a natural fear of dogs which could be be attributed to lack of interaction, and feeling intimidated by their size, which formed a feeling of danger. Another unconditional stimulus to reinforce this fear is that dogs bark, and their behavior can be unpredictable, which can instill a sense of fear and danger. These natural fears became conditioned through reinforcement from the subject’s parents to be cautious around barking dogs in an attempt to protect her from possible harm by an unfamiliar dog. This reinforced barking to be a sign of aggression. Therefore the subject associated barking with dogs being aggressive causing fear and anxiety also known as a conditioned r esponse. Operant Conditioning â€Å"Operant Conditioning is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or un-favorable consequences.† The fear was a negative reinforcer on two occasions when the subject witnessed dogs biting others, and the attacks were un-provoked. Both of these dogs barked before the incidents occurred. Although the fear was reinforced through these negative situations, years later the subject was continuously exposed to dogs and was able to develop a better understanding of their behaviors and interactions with humans. These positive interactions alleviated most of the anxiety and debilitating fear she once experienced in the presence of dogs. Through continued interactions the subject was able to better understand the reactions of the dogs were reasonable in response to the particular circumstances the dogs perceived based upon their natural instinct to protect. Over time a better understanding of a dogs aggression and the subject realized that not all dogs bite in all situations. Cognitive Social Learning â€Å"Cognitive Social Learning is an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning.† The subject overtime learned that most dogs are not taught to be aggressive because she was constantly put in situations to be around them without negative results. She learned to overcome her fear because she mimicked interactions that were previously seen earlier in life. Her dogs show her affection. She learned that barking can be a reaction to many things and does not signify aggression or danger. Conclusion Fear can be can overtime can be diminished by positive reinforcements. The subject now owns five large breed dogs. She is shown affection and loves her dogs. Although her fear is not completely gone, it is manageable and is no longer a phobia. Her fear was debilitating in early years.

Attitude Toward Writing Essay Example

Attitude Toward Writing Essay Example Attitude Toward Writing Essay Attitude Toward Writing Essay Attitude Toward Writing BY ne1416 According to Lou Holtz Ability is what youre capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it. I dread writing, whether it is academic or not. Whenever I pick up a pen to starts writing something, I get queasy. For example, the worst punishment someone can ever give me is a writing assignment. It has been like that ever since I learned how to write. The three main reasons I hate writing is because it has been a challenge for me, I lack confidence in y own potential, and I find it very hard to express my thoughts on paper. The first reason why I dislike writing is because it has always been a challenge for me. I remember back in ninth grade, my English teacher assigned us an essay about smoking. That day, I went home, sat on my bed, chewed on my pen cap, and started writing. I finished in one day, an essay that I had a week to complete. When the due date came, I was very nervous because I though my teacher was not going to like the essay, and I was right. She said that my essay made her want to start smoking, and that I will never make it out in the real world with writing skills like that. She crushed me. Unlike most people, I did not cry but from that day forward, I truly believed that I am a horrible writer. The second reason why I dislike wring is because I have a lack of confidence in my own potential. Although I have great knowledge of what I am supposed to talk about, but there is this voice in the back of my mind that making me doubt myself. For example, the voice is telling me to gives up. I second guess myself after every word. I gets afraid of making grammar mistakes and I lose all hope in writing a successful paper. Finally, the third reason why I am not a fan of writing is that I find it difficult to express my thoughts on paper. For example, writing takes a lot of thinking process. As a result it gets very hard for me to get my point across. I would start writing and before I know it my mind is traveling to a new place where the topic in focus is everything but the assigned topic. Furthermore, I get frustrated asily when I cannot get back to my original ideas and finish what I had started. Nonetheless, I am still not a fan of writing and it is because it has always been a challenge for me. I have a lack of confidence in my own potential, and I find it difficult to express my thoughts on paper. I come to understand that having a positive attitude is key to be successful in life. I also understand how important it is to be able to write effectively in the medical field. By have a great English teacher as Mrs. Martin, so I think that I can overcome these problem.

French Trains Vocabulary - Prendre le Train En France

French Trains Vocabulary - Prendre le Train En France Taking the train is a fast, often comfortable and relatively cheap way to travel in France. Yes, there are strikes, but not all the time, and all in all, taking the train is quite reliable. I will be writing several lessons on this subject: tips to feel prepared when you travel by train, easy learn French in context story with English/French side by side translations  and even a useful questions and answers lessons. So make sure you subscribe to my newsletter to get informed of new releases. Un voyageur – a travelerLa gare – the station (watch out for the pronunciation – gAr, not gayr which is â€Å"la guerre: war)Un billet – a ticketUn guichet – a boothUne salle d’attente – waiting areaUn panneau d’information – information displayLe dà ©part – departureL’arrivà ©e - arrivalsLa seconde classe, la premià ¨re classe – 2nd  and 1st  classUn aller simple – one wayUn aller-retour – round tripUne place (assise) – a seatUne place duo – 2 seats next to each otherUn carrà © – 4 seats, separated in 2 rows facing each otherUne rà ©servation – bookingVoyager dans le sens du train – to be facing towards where the train is goingUn billet remboursable – refundable ticketUn billet à ©changeable – exchangeable ticketUn train direct – direct trainUne correspondance – transferUn changement – transferLe quai †“ the platformLe passage souterrain – the underground passLe rail, la voie – the track (rail is pronounced like rye in English)La voiture, le wagon (v sound) – the carLe bar – the snack carUn contrà ´leur – a controller Follow these links for more of my taking the train in France related articles: -  Master Train Announcements in French-  Lets Take the Train Together - Bilingual French English Story

Are human beings capable of acting from a concern for others that is Essay

Are human beings capable of acting from a concern for others that is not derived from a concern for their own welfare - Essay Example gates various questions for example, the best ways for individuals to live in society, the best ways to conduct businesses using the business ethics and the actions that are considered wrong or right in certain circumstances. Ethics strives to provide the answers for the complex questions regarding human morality by elaborating concepts like evil and good, wrong and right, vice and virtue, and crime and justice. Business ethics is a type of applied ethics that is used to scrutinise the ethical principles and ethical issues that come up in the business environment. Business ethics is defined as the study of the proper practices and policies in businesses in regards to the potential controversial issues for instance insider trading, corporate governance, discrimination, fiduciary responsibilities, and corporate social responsibility.3 The business ethics are developed in enterprises so that a particular level of trust is enhanced among the employees, consumers, and other market participants that promote the business and the general economy of the States. This essay is going to discuss if human beings are capable of acting from a concern for others that is not derived from a concern for their own welfare, from the angle of ethics and economics point of view. Meta ethics seeks to comprehend the nature of the ethical statements, properties, judgements and attitudes. Meta ethics addresses queries such as the goodness in individuals and how people can differentiate between the good and bad, therefore seeking to recognize the nature of diverse ethical evaluations and properties. Human beings are capable of acting from a concern for others that are not derived from a concern for their own welfare depending with how they were brought during their childhood and what they learnt from school, religious places the surrounding environment regarding what is right and wrong. Individuals whose goal is to improve and attract more customers to their businesses act with concern for

Outline the main features of ethnographic research and discuss when Assignment

Outline the main features of ethnographic research and discuss when and how it might be used - Assignment Example These are naturalism, understanding and discovery. Naturalism is the view that social research should capture the human beings in their natural environment directly. Understanding conveys that human beings do not give out fixed responses each time and each response has to be understood individually. Lastly, ethnographic research is defined as being inductive or discovery-based, rather than merely testing hypothesis. According to ethnography, cultural understandings need to be identified for research interest. An ethnographic study can overestimate the role of cultural perceptions or underestimate the role of objective forces. Ethnography can identify the relevant community of interest though often this isn’t easy. Factors like community, formal organization, informal group, and individual-level perceptions may affect the subject of study. An ethnographic focus may overestimate the role of community culture and underestimate the casual role of individual psychological or of sub-community forces. It is also believed that the researcher has complete knowledge of the subject under study including the language and customs of the population. In this case, the researcher may get influenced by his or her own culture during the

Marketing Mix of Fuze Drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Mix of Fuze Drinks - Essay Example Fuze Drinks sets to establish itself as a flavored beverage. The brand also aims to establish itself as a nutritional ingredient in the market. In Brazil the product should feature with lot more variety and it should try to introduce new flavor so that it may try to satisfy the wide taste and preference of the Brazilians. Generally the product is available in seven base color varieties and it is also available in five slenderize flavor varieties. (DBR staff writer) The product should aim to grab the attention of people of all generation. Generally in Brazil the demand for drinks and beverage is high and the product is expected to do a good amount of business if marketed properly. Place: The next element of the marketing mix is place. In order to make the product popular, the availability of the product should be made abundant. The product should feature in popular areas and in places where there is much more probability of the product to get sold. Efforts should be made so that abund ant quantity of the drink is available near schools, colleges, offices, shopping malls, entertainment parks, community halls. The product also needs to be available in local retail stores. Initially the product should be targeted to sell in the urban and the popular areas of Brazil and with increase in popularity, the product should be aimed to be introduced in the rural areas as well. ... Though the presence of intermediaries also demands a share of the profit but the mass sale of soft drinks does not harm the cause of overall profitability. Promotion: As Fuze Drink is a new product in the Brazilian market, effective and strong promotion is required to create awareness among the people regarding the launch of  the new drinks. The popular mode of promotion needs to be utilized to their full extent. Fuze Drinks have already established a good market in USA. The brand popularity in USA needs to be used in the Brazilian market to prove its stand among the other competitors. The mass promotion by a Brand ambassador is a common way to reach out to people. Extensive advertisement in the media needs to be done. As the product is new, banners and cutouts describing about the product should be made visible in important parts of the city. To provide a taste of the product, distribution of some free samples can also be a lucrative idea. Introductory offers and discounts should also be made to create interest among the general public. Promotion over the web space is also a must as it is the most popular source of media in the present generation.   Price: Setting up a comparative price range is crucial for the success of a product in is initial days. Often people have the perception that price determines the quality of a product. But as a new entrant in the market Fuze Drink should mark the price of its product in reach of average customers and also in parity with the price of other drinks available in the market. In The United States, Fuze Drink in 18 oz bottle is priced around $ 2 to $ 2.50.( Patrice)In Brazil the cost of .33 liter of coke and Pepsi ranges around

Problems and Purposes Essay Example for Free

Problems and Purposes Essay Most English as a second language teachers   find it a difficult task to implement clasroom management in a cooperative learning environment. This research will focus on identifying the classroom techniques that ESL lecturers use to effectively implement clasroom management during cooperative learning. The researcher used both the quantitative and qualitative research methods to display the managerial skills that the ESL teachers use. The repondents included   28 students and their teacher belonging to   the secondary grade five   school level program. Research shows that the student   respondent group has more English classes   than the usual ESL program. Research Information was gathered by interviewing the student respondents and observing them in their normal classroom environment. First, the researcher interviewed the teacher on her chosen classroom techniques during her cooperative learning class. She implements cooperative activities in the classroom environment.   The researcher observed the respondents in 2 separate research periods each consisting of a 75 -minute time period.   The interview shows that the ESL teacher favored the cooperative learning activities. This study   will show in detail the right techniques   to implement   to ensure a successful cooperative learning program.   The research findings would benefit the teachers who will give cooperative learning a try. INTRODUCTION: Social and Scientific Context for the Study The social and scientific context for the study is to determine the most effective classroom management procedure that would lead to a successful cooperative learning. The context will focus on the cooperative teaching of English as a second language classroom learning environment. Also, the study will touch on the effectiveness of cooperative learning as a constructive method of teaching in a classroom environment. Problems and Purposes The problem is to determine the best classroom management method for an optimum English learning environment. The purpose of this research will be to delve into the effect of the cooperative learning method in English as a second language.   Another purpose is for this research to serve as secondary resource material for the teachers, students, school administrators, community and others to learn the best classroom management procedure. For, the users of this research will learn whether cooperative learning is the best classroom learning procedure. Study Type Defined The research will focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative research method. The qualitative method uses professionally refereed journals and professionally –authored books as secondary resources. Quantitative method uses interview and classroom observation to complement the qualitative approach. The researcher also uses the primary source method by interviewing the students and teachers. Also, the researcher will observe a real classroom learning activity to validate the classroom interviews and the secondary resources. Research Question The research question is Can the teachers impose discipline in cooperative working activities? Audience, Purpose, and Plan for the Paper Presented The audience of this research are the education related segments. They include the students, teachers, school administrators and community.   The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective way of classroom management. This research focuses on discipline in a cooperative classroom learning environment. The plan of the paper is to focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative approaches research method. The research uses the survey questions as well as observing a live classroom to determine the best classroom management method. Also, this study will focus secondary materials to complement the primary study method. Another purpose of this research is to determine the one of best ways of teaching English as a second language. There are many theories on how to teach a subject in class. One such strategy to teach the students without even caring for the student’s ability to learn the lessons. This is now a thing of the past. For, the current teachers are college graduates. They have been professionally trained to apply the best teaching strategy that will make the student love AIDA. It stands for   A) increased Attendance in class, I) Interest to learn the subject at hand, D) Desire to absorb the lessons for the day, and A) Attention to the lesson being thought. This specifically applies to students in learning English as a second language. Literature Review 2.1 Classroom   Management Classroom management refers to the means used by teachers to direct their classrooms in order to create an appropriate environment for effective teaching and learning. Classroom management models includes the most interventionist in character to those that are not interventionist in character. James Dobson authored the punishment model of class management (Corrie, 2001, p. 52).   The main idea of this theory is that students who do not follow the rules of their superior or teacher will have to punished. (Brownell Walther-Thomas, 2001, p. 31). Another classroom management strategy is to create an environment conducive to English -learning.   Currently, many schools are using the information and communicaton technologies in the classrooms. This entails the use of computers and internet in teaching the topics at hand. The computer produces an English -learning environment because the students will learn the module type lessons at their own pace. Meaning, the students will not go on to the next chapter of the classroom textbook until they have completed the study of the prior chapters of the textbook (Lim, Pek Chai, 2005). Each chapter in the computer   E –book has an exercise which the student will have to answer online. Once the student answers one chapter exercise with a passing grade (for example chapter 8) the student can now turn to answer the exercises in another chapter (for example chapter 9). This type of classroom learning is described as task –oriented and reflective (Lim, Teo, Wong, Khine, Chai Divaharan, 2003). Many companies like Pearson computer publishing offers such computer based textbooks to schools. The teacher can effectively implement non -punishment level classroom discipline. The non -punishment model includes giving rewards to students who excel in class. Excellence in class could be in the area of most number of attendance, highest grade in class, best in recitation, best in essay writing, best in math, best in each subject, etc. The rewards could be announcing the deserving students as the first honor, second honor, best in math, best in Physical Education and others in annual school recognition activities. Definitely, the teacher can effectively implement classroom discipline (Traynor, 2003). The teacher can effectively implement punishment level classroom discipline. First, the teacher could punish the English learning student by giving him or her a failing grade for cheating. Or, the teacher can suspend the student for slight misbehaviour like shouting vulgar words at his or her classmates incessantly. Also, the teacher can Expel the student for very bad classroom behaviour like slapping his or her classmate or slamming a chair on his classmate during the English learning class.